The 30-year-long bias-corrected monthly mean surface air temperature data from historical automatic weather stations (AWSs) at Mizuho, Relay Station, and Dome Fuji, is available online at https://doi.org/10.17592/002.2025010413. Nonetheless, these data are not continuous records and some months...

Extreme cold temperatures were observed in July and August 2023, coinciding with the WINFLY (winter fly-in) period of mid to late August into September 2023, meaning aircraft operations into McMurdo Station and Phoenix Airfield were adversely impacted. Specifically, with temperatures below −50°C,...

These files contain hourly and daily observational data that have been quality controlled. Daily observations are from a composite of manual observations made four times per day from 01 April 1989 to 30 November 2001, adjusted 2-minute automated weather station observations from 01 December 2001...