Automatic weather stations have been proved to be a powerful tool for monitoring the near surface meteorological elements of glaciers/caps to determine the surface energy budget, so as to quantify glaciers/caps ablation and its response to climate change. This data set introduces the PANDA transect automatic weather station network, which includes 11 automatic weather stations (AWS), Zhongshan, Panda 100, Panda 200, Panda 300, Panda 400, Taishan, Eagle, Panda 1100, Dome A, Kunlun and Panda s. The transect network spans the Prydz Bay Amery ice shelf Dome A area, from the coast to the top of the southeast Antarctica ice sheet. The transect network is roughly along longitude ~77 ° e, and the latitude range is 69.37°S-82.33°S, covering all geographical and climatic units in the southeast polar region. All automatic weather stations in the network measure air temperature, relative humidity, air pressure, wind speed and direction every hour, and some automatic weather stations can also measure surface temperature and short/longwave radiation. All automatic station data is transmitted in real time through Argos system. The data quality is very reliable, and the data of Dome A and Eagle station have been widely used. At present, the data set has been updated by us to 2021. Except Zhongshan and Panda S, all other stations are multi-layer observations, mainly with four heights of 1/2/4/6m. The data has been subject to strict quality control. We plan to update it once a year. This data set is of great value to climate change estimation, extreme weather event diagnosis, data assimilation, weather forecasting, etc. in the Antarctic region.

File naming: meteorological data is stored in text form. The name of the file is "station.csv", where station represents the name of specific stations, such as Zhongshan, panda 100, etc. Each file contains meteorological data such as air temperature, relatively humidity, air pressure, wind speed and direction, and the time span is from the beginning of the establishment of the station to the present.

Data reading method: all files in this data set are in CSV format, which can be opened directly in Excel. The relevant instructions in the file are in readme file. This file can be opened by text program (such as Notepad). The main content is meteorological elements such as temperature, humidity, pressure and wind observed by 11 automatic weather stations in the southeast pole.